Eucalyptus globulus leaf oil contains many active substances – including over 70% eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) and α-pinene. Monoterpenes and sesquiterquenes from the oil are responsible for antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal (Candida albicans).

Cedrus deodara trees from the Himalayas contains over 70% sesquiterpenes (himchalen). Sesquiterpenes in cedar oil have proven antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia Coli and antifungal on Candida albicans.

with Pongamia glabra rich in furanoflavonoids (karanjin) and fatty acids (> 50%) with a unique repellent odor. Karanjin has anti-inflammatory effects, reduces levels of Il-1β, IL-12, INF-γ, TNF-α, has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. Fatty acids have a conditioning effect and regulate proper skin hydration. Linoleic and oleic acid together with ceramides build the skin’s intercellular cement affecting its integration.

from Azadirachta indica seed contains azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin and fatty acids. Active substances have antibacterial activity and prevent the development of fungal infections caused by: Trichophyton rubrum, T. violaceaum, Microsporum nanum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans.

Acorus calamus rhizome oil is used in Ayurvedic medicine to reduce pain, inflammation and skin irritation. The presence of terpenes in the oil, i.e. eugenol derivatives, inhibits COX-2 inhibition, decreases the level of IL-1β, IL-6, INF-α, thus showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Calamus oil also has antifungal effects on Candida albicans.